You notice that your mother has been wearing the same blouse for four days. The kitchen has a carton of milk that expired a week ago. The stack of unopened mail on the counter keeps growing. She seems fine when you visit. She says she is fine. But something feels off, and you cannot quite name it. What you are observing is not random. It is a pattern. And it has a name: a decline in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, referred to in care settings as ADLs and IADLs. These are the concrete, measurable tasks that make independent living possible, and they are among the first things to slip when an older adult's health, cognition, or mobility begins to change.